In this article, we describe and analyze the main trends related to the infrastructure and providers of extracurricular education in the countries of the former Soviet Union. A developed and diversified infrastructure with specialized spaces, a profile character, and uniform content and formats was characteristic of the Soviet system. This infrastructure presence has become one of the essential characteristics of the Soviet model. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the countries that gained or regained independence embarked on a path of simultaneously solving the problems of identifying the national educational strategy in the new institutional conditions. This paper uses national statistics and interviews with specialists and researchers of extracurricular education in all 15 countries of the former USSR. Using an institutional approach, we describe and analyze trends in and across countries to highlight changes in the infrastructure and network of providers of extracurricular education. There is a special focus on specifically extracurricular spaces: pioneer palaces, art schools, sports schools, and children’s railways. We also demonstrate the unique transformation of the Soviet system in terms of its infrastructure, which allowed for easy access and high enrollment. The legacy of the Soviet period and path-dependence ensure the inertial development and sustainability of extracurricular education in post-Soviet countries.