In this article, which draws on theory and research, the authors present several forms of extended education in Greece, mainly concerning primary school-age children. Extended education incorporates educational, cultural, sports, entertainment, and childcare activities. It occurs in centers and institutions outside the compulsory school hours and often complements formal education. In our study, we aim to consider changes that have occurred in recent years at the social, economic, familial, and educational levels, which have significantly influenced and shaped modern trends and forms of extended education. Initially, we will focus on extended education in Greece in the context of the international discussion. Then, we will examine extended education in three dimensions: a) Shadow education, b) After-school programs, and c) All-day school. In this context, we also examine specific issues, such as the causes of shadow education in Greece, the economic implications for Greek families, and the problem of educational inequalities. The examination we undertook converged on the following findings: a) Shadow education is no longer dominant only in secondary education, as it expands and consolidates rapidly in primary education as well; b) The provision of out-of-school activities, as it is now happening in most European countries, is experiencing a substantial outspread in Greece too, c) The all-day school, which could effectively fulfill its compensatory role, has so far failed to meet the modern needs of students and parents, mainly serving as a childcare space for families with no other choice.