A central question of any value theory and research is how the values relevant at various societal levels and in different social unitsvalue relate to each other. Do the same values apply at the level of the nation-statenational state as in smaller units such as organizations or families? Does a ruthless principle of competition apply only in the economy and for profit-oriented companies, while principles of care and love apply in social institutions, and only truth and knowledge in universities? What values does an army need? From the perspective of systems theory, today there are no longer comprehensive values relevant to society as a whole, as different logics and principles prevail in each subsystem. According to some sociological diagnoses of the times, modern society is characterized by processes of individualization in which common basic values also disappear. This chapter argues that overarching values are very relevant in modern societies. It also argues and—contrary to Weber’s view—there is no irreconcilability between the values in different societal sub-areas. Rather, those values are sharply accentuated in these areas which are of particular relevance there. Thus, the Hippocratic Oath did not demand altruism from doctors, but merely that they be aware of the specific possible forms of abuse within their profession (such as sexual assaults) and refrain from them. The different weightings of various values at different societal levels (in personal relationships, in small groups, in organizations, in territorial units such as municipalities and states, and at the level of world society) are discussed. Contrary to the thesis of the loss of significance of values, it is shown that these have played a central role in important movements and events in Germany since 1945.