The following chapter provides a summary of both theoretical and empirical results on conscription in six European countries. While the general concept of mandatory military service is consistent across these countries, the specific mechanisms for recruiting, training, adapting to, and legitimizing conscript service differ. This passage offers a critical assessment of the status of conscription in European countries, with a focus on highlighting major controversial issues. The discussion centers on key topics covered in the book, including attitudes of the conscripts towards defense forces, adaptation to conditions during conscription, motivation for initial military service, unit cohesion during conscription, leadership in the context of conscription, and the intentions of conscripts to become military professionals after the time as conscripted person.