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Li-ion batteries play a significant role in all areas of life. Their thermal decomposition caused by overcharging, along with the associated mechanisms and intervention options, is being studied intensively. The composition of the venting gases is of major importance. These gases contain not only toxic and corrosive components but also hydrogen and other flammable gases, meaning that thermal runaway may pose an explosion risk within the surrounding area. PVC and other chlorinated polymers remain widely used. Their thermal decomposition is often associated with concerns about the potential formation of highly toxic substances, such as chlorinated dioxins and furans. Therefore, investigating the thermal decomposition process, characterizing the resulting products, and elucidating the reaction mechanisms are essential to understanding when special caution is required after a fire. Organophosphorus flame retardants are highly popular and widely used. New generations, such as DOPO derivatives, allow for straightforward production and a wide range of products. However, the thermal decomposition, along with its mechanisms and products, remains largely unexplored. Phosphorus-containing organic compounds can be extremely hazardous even in small quantities, particularly affecting the human body and nervous system. Numerous laboratory experiments and quantum chemical calculations are providing new insights into this area. Fluorinated surfactants (PFAS) have exceptional properties and were historically effective in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) for liquid fire suppression. However, PFAS are environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Through an extensive statistical study and complex laboratory experiments, 523 chemicals were clustered based on their physicochemical properties and evaluated for extinguishing or sealing with foam. In no instance was AFFF found necessary. During real fire training, firefighters wearing breathing apparatus are exposed to fire by-products such as carcinogenic benzene. A study was carried out to investigate whether a significant concentration of benzene can be detected in the whole blood of trainees and instructors after real fire training. Initial results show no blood levels of benzol. To protect lives and property and minimize damage in fires and emergency situations, the fire department must arrive promptly with sufficient personnel and appropriate equipment. To meet this challenge, new system-theoretical approaches are being pursued and tested. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods, such as cluster analysis, play a key role, with the additional aim of harmonizing resource planning for fire services, emergency medical services, and disaster response.

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Chemical Safety and Fire Defence as the Basis for Safe and Effective Fire Service Response in the Context of Safety Engineering

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Julia Backhaus,
  • Monique Glockmann,
  • Philipp Haffner,
  • Martina Henseleit,
  • Katja Klicker,
  • Katja Müller,
  • Marie-Claire Ockfen,
  • Daniel Schmitz,
  • Bianca Wegener,
  • Roland Goertz

摘要

Li-ion batteries play a significant role in all areas of life. Their thermal decomposition caused by overcharging, along with the associated mechanisms and intervention options, is being studied intensively. The composition of the venting gases is of major importance. These gases contain not only toxic and corrosive components but also hydrogen and other flammable gases, meaning that thermal runaway may pose an explosion risk within the surrounding area. PVC and other chlorinated polymers remain widely used. Their thermal decomposition is often associated with concerns about the potential formation of highly toxic substances, such as chlorinated dioxins and furans. Therefore, investigating the thermal decomposition process, characterizing the resulting products, and elucidating the reaction mechanisms are essential to understanding when special caution is required after a fire. Organophosphorus flame retardants are highly popular and widely used. New generations, such as DOPO derivatives, allow for straightforward production and a wide range of products. However, the thermal decomposition, along with its mechanisms and products, remains largely unexplored. Phosphorus-containing organic compounds can be extremely hazardous even in small quantities, particularly affecting the human body and nervous system. Numerous laboratory experiments and quantum chemical calculations are providing new insights into this area. Fluorinated surfactants (PFAS) have exceptional properties and were historically effective in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) for liquid fire suppression. However, PFAS are environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Through an extensive statistical study and complex laboratory experiments, 523 chemicals were clustered based on their physicochemical properties and evaluated for extinguishing or sealing with foam. In no instance was AFFF found necessary. During real fire training, firefighters wearing breathing apparatus are exposed to fire by-products such as carcinogenic benzene. A study was carried out to investigate whether a significant concentration of benzene can be detected in the whole blood of trainees and instructors after real fire training. Initial results show no blood levels of benzol. To protect lives and property and minimize damage in fires and emergency situations, the fire department must arrive promptly with sufficient personnel and appropriate equipment. To meet this challenge, new system-theoretical approaches are being pursued and tested. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods, such as cluster analysis, play a key role, with the additional aim of harmonizing resource planning for fire services, emergency medical services, and disaster response.