This chapter examines the representation of migrants in German and Dutch politics with the aim of building up a contextual framework for Chap. 8 that deals with the perceptions of migrants regarding the political opportunity structures in receiving countries. It does so by looking at three dimensions of German and Dutch politics that pertain to the representation of migrants: efforts of political parties, and elected or appointed officials who are in decision-making positions and parliamentary representation. As already discussed in Chap. 3, although the existence of migrant-origin candidates by political parties and the representation of migrant-origin elected officials in decision-making positions in politics constitute important steps for immigrant political incorporation, they alone do not necessarily indicate that these candidates and elected officials serve to migrants’ interests in receiving country politics.