The emergence and development of what could be called Critical Theory in Mexico is closely linked to the reception and development of Marx’s works in this country, especially the phase that transpired in a social and political horizon marked by events like the 20th Congress of the CPSU (1956) with its increasingly broad and systematic criticism of Stalinism, the beginning of the Sino-Soviet conflict, anti-colonial movements in the Third World (the Algerian war, for example), the Cuban Revolution, the Vietnam War, the student movements of the 1960s in Europe, the United States, and Latin America, and the far-reaching popular movements in the Southern Cone of this continent with the authoritarian excesses that violently deactivated so many of them. It was in that context that the reflections of most of the authors (not only Adolfo Sanchez Vazquez, José Revueltas, and Enrique Gonzalez Rojo, but also Enrique Dussel and Bolívar Echeverría) who are at the center of the reflections in this text, emerged.