This chapter covers the biosynthesis of aliphatic and aromatic amino acids, and provides examples of their technical integrations. Outgoing from the central biochemical metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of technically relevant amino acids such as glycine, tyrosine, lysine, glutamine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine is discussed. In addition to their biosynthesis, biotechnological processes with Corynebacteria in the industry and their applications in medicine, engineering, and the food industry are thoroughly discussed with examples.