The chapter provides an overview over various ethical positions in relation to the ethical challenges associated to human genome editing: a categorical position against, a cautious intermediate position, and a more liberal position in favour of germline editing. While the first position advocates a ban on moral grounds, and the second argues for some kind of moratorium until scientific and other questions have been resolved, the third emphasizes the medical potential and the importance of taking advantage of scientific progress as soon as it is sufficiently safe to do so. The chapter also presents the current broad lines of ethical consensus in the scientific community.