In Section 3.2, the problem-solving cycle introduced in Section 3.3, was derived from cognitive science findings (e.g. Dewey 1997; Dörner 1979; Duncker 1974; Lüer and Spada 1990; Sell and Schimweg 2002). As this approach is of central importance for the design (genesis) of systems, i.e. for Systems Engineering, it will now be explained here in the necessary detail. As will be shown, it is also closely linked to scientific work (Ahrens 2020), because both in practice and in theory, the aim is to come as close as possible to reality or the truth. Although this is countered by the constructivist insight (Sect. 2.1) that, in principle, there can be no complete correspondence between the human imagination and actual reality, evolution has equipped humans with abilities and characteristics that enable them to act more or less successfully. They are viable (von Glaserfeld 1996, p. 43). Experience and the theoretical basis of methodological constructivism show that the probability of success can be increased by using suitable methods, procedures and tools (Gehlen 2016). One of these promising methods is the problem-solving cycle (Haberfellner et al. 2018, p. 71 ff.).