Water-in-Fuel Emulsions at the Virtual Engine Test Bench

This chapter is dedicated to the analysis of Direct water-in-fuel emulsion injection (DEI) and its effectiveness related to other water injection strategies, including direct and indirect water injection, at the single-cylinder research engine already described in previous chapters. The starting point of the numerical investigation is the modeling of the emulsions and its implementation in the simulation environment in the virtual engine test bench. The fuel considered for the preparation of emulsions and for all the investigations in water injection is a commercial Super Plus 98 (SP98).