Introduction

A strong commitment moves the future development of internal combustion engines towards sustainability and decarbonization of the automotive sector. Figure 1.1 provides a clear overview of the current scenario regarding worldwide regulations for tailpipe pollutants and CO2 emissions limits and targets for light-duty vehicles powered by gasoline engines. Regarding the emission cap for CO, total HC, NOx, PNC, and PM, this will be further exacerbated in the future, according to the proposal for the new Euro 7 emission standards [2].