Theory—Theoretical Approaches to Complexity

These attractors exist in an abstract world, referred to as phase space. To navigate in such a phase space, one needs ‘maps’. Maps allow the mind to focus on sections or specific aspects of reality. They are vivid images. Thus, the image of a city can be represented with a street map or, for example, with a underground map. Depending on which aspect of reality is projected onto this map, one gets a specific, usable idea of a city for different purposes. Street and underground maps have in common that they are maps of the plane. Only two dimensions (length and width) are represented. However, one can also imagine maps that reflect three dimensions (length, width, and height). Consider topographic maps, in which, in addition to the surface dimensions of the terrain, contour lines are drawn. With the help of a map, the dynamics of a system can also be illustrated.