Glass Fibers

Starting from the wave equation, the wave propagation in layers and fibers is described, including the basics of the mathematical apparatus. Important fiber quantities such as acceptance angle, numerical aperture, standardized refractive index, and fiber parameters are introduced. Transverse waves in glass fibers, mode field diameters, multi-mode (MMF), and single-mode (SMF) glass fibers are based on this. The mechanisms of attenuation in glass fibers are described. The term dispersion is introduced and the mechanisms of dispersion (mode dispersion, material dispersion, waveguide dispersion, chromatic dispersion, and polarization mode dispersion) are described. The construction of special glass fibers is explained. Finally, different types of optical fibers and cables are described.