The AYUSH medicine systems have shown great therapeutic promise in the threatened medicinal plant Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., commonly known as Indian spikenard belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, distributed in the Himalayan altitudes and subalpine regions. This hairy rhizome-bearing perennial herb has been used traditionally for some medicinal purposes. The most well-known phytochemicals identified in N. jatamansi are nardostachone, patchouli alcohol, glaziovine, spirojatamol, sesquiterpenoid, actinidine, etc. These compounds exhibit neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and other pharmacological activities. N. jatamansi is believed to have a substantial impact on the fast-expanding domain of herbal products and control of certain health problems. This chapter provides extensive knowledge of alkaloids and their various classes with their pharmacological activities, serving as an essential resource for academics by integrating phytochemical investigations with pharmacological studies.