Cinchona alkaloidsAlkaloids comprising quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine as the major members constitute a unique class of quinoline alkaloids with a tremendous impact on human civilization. The odyssey of cinchona alkaloids began with the discovery of their antimalarial activity followed by the very successful application in stereoselective synthesis and enantioseparation. Currently, the portfolio of applications of cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives is much broader and involves novel diverse biological activities, the use in organocatalysis as well as in enantioselective chromatography and related separation techniques. They serve also as a renewable natural product for the diverse-oriented synthesis of the functionalized chiral building blocks, such as quincorine or quincoridine. The aim of this review which covers more than 300 references is to summarize newer research on cinchona alkaloid chemistry up to 2024 with a special emphasis on numerous biological activities of cinchona alkaloid derivatives.