Bacosides are a group of bioactive triterpenoid saponins found in the Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) plant. They are classified into two major groups: bacoside A and bacoside B. In traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine, they are known for their ability to enhance cognitive function, mental health, intellect, and memory. Preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed their other potential therapeutic applications, including stress relief, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, ulcers, hepatic disease, liver disease, mast cell stabilizers, etc. Furthermore, the neuroprotective activity of BME and its bacosides can be achieved due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotransmitter modulation, neurotrophic factor induction, and antiapoptotic properties. They directly or indirectly interact with several molecules. However, the detailed mechanism through which bacosides execute a neuroprotective function or enhance memory is still unclear. Their consumption has not been associated with any toxic effects. Further research, particularly large-scale, randomized controlled trials, is needed to confirm findings, elucidate optimal dosages, and establish long-term efficacy and safety profiles. This chapter thoroughly analyzes the pharmaceutical potential of BME and its bacosides, focusing on their neuroprotective role. It also discusses the chemical structure, molecular diversity, mode of action, bioavailability, metabolism, and safety issues. This chapter provides an overview of the pharmaceutical potential of Bacoside-enriched BME and its therapeutic applications, focusing primarily on its neuroprotective role. This article is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in therapeutic applications of bacosides.