Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Young Woman

Recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) are prevalent and with significant clinical challenges. Although the term RUTI has long been vaguely defined, a consensus definition has emerged recently. The exact etiology behind RUTI remains under debate, with valid arguments for both ascending reinfections and persistent infection inside the bladder. Although clinical diagnosis of each UTI episode is supported by specific symptoms, for a correct diagnosis culture and sensitivity urine analysis should be performed when symptomatic and in 2 weeks from sensitivity-adjusted treatment to confirm UTI, guide further treatment, and exclude persistence. Even if various alternative strategies have been studied for the prevention of RUTIs, current treatment strategies for RUTI are limited and remain dominated by antibiotic usage despite variable efficacy.