Small uncrewed ground, aerial, and marine vehicles have been used to respond to cyclonic events, earthquakes, flooding, landslides, marine mass casualty events, mine collapses, nuclear accidents, structural collapses, terrorism, and tsunamis. During the response phase, mission objectives are to enable responders to see and act at a distance in real-time and shared control has been used for most disasters. During the recovery phase, mission objectives shift to methodical surveys or mapping, favoring autonomous navigation. One aspect of a disaster is that the robot’s work envelope is almost always more demanding than normal operations in terms of scale, verticality, traversability, diversity of regions to navigate through, sensing, and operational constraints. The cognitive demands on operators will also be higher. These two aspects, physical and operational, need to be captured in testing and evaluation in order to ensure the robot system will reliably work with the emergency response enterprise and will be adopted. Ground and marine vehicles, and occasionally aerial vehicles, often use active tethers to provide power, communications, and control and to serve as a belay line. Major areas for improvement are operations in GPS and wireless denied environments, dexterous manipulation, and reduction of size and cost of sensors.