Cardiac dysrhythmias are common in cancer patients. Recognition and management of dysrhythmias require an understanding of common etiologies seen in the cancer population. These may include cancer involvement of the myocardium or various cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. They can also be due to other underlying comorbidities such as preexisting cardiovascular disease, electrolyte derangements, or hormonal abnormalities. Clinical recognition of dysrhythmias can be challenging as they can present incidentally in an asymptomatic patient. When symptomatic, patients may present with palpitations, dizziness, dyspnea, syncope, or cardiac arrest. The diagnosis is often confirmed through rhythm interpretation on a 12-lead ECG, Holter monitor, or bedside cardiac monitor. Acute management of cardiac rhythm disorders includes urgent patient stabilization and discontinuation of offending agents. Treatment for arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities may require the use of antiarrhythmic medications, electrical cardioversion, pacemaker placement, and anticoagulation in patients with thrombotic risk. Certain cardiac conditions may complicate cancer treatment such as performing magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pacemakers and administering anticoagulation in patients with severe thrombocytopenia. Recognition of these complex scenarios requires a multidisciplinary approach with understanding of both the cardiovascular and oncologic risks.

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Arrhythmias in Cancer Patients

  • Peter Kim,
  • Jiyeon Cha,
  • Abdulrazzak Zarifa,
  • Mohammed Salih,
  • Kaveh Karimzad

摘要

Cardiac dysrhythmias are common in cancer patients. Recognition and management of dysrhythmias require an understanding of common etiologies seen in the cancer population. These may include cancer involvement of the myocardium or various cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. They can also be due to other underlying comorbidities such as preexisting cardiovascular disease, electrolyte derangements, or hormonal abnormalities. Clinical recognition of dysrhythmias can be challenging as they can present incidentally in an asymptomatic patient. When symptomatic, patients may present with palpitations, dizziness, dyspnea, syncope, or cardiac arrest. The diagnosis is often confirmed through rhythm interpretation on a 12-lead ECG, Holter monitor, or bedside cardiac monitor. Acute management of cardiac rhythm disorders includes urgent patient stabilization and discontinuation of offending agents. Treatment for arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities may require the use of antiarrhythmic medications, electrical cardioversion, pacemaker placement, and anticoagulation in patients with thrombotic risk. Certain cardiac conditions may complicate cancer treatment such as performing magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pacemakers and administering anticoagulation in patients with severe thrombocytopenia. Recognition of these complex scenarios requires a multidisciplinary approach with understanding of both the cardiovascular and oncologic risks.