Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) refers to evidence-based perioperative protocols designed to optimize patient outcomes after major surgery. Developed in 2001 by academic surgeons, ERAS protocols, also referred to as enhanced recovery pathways or fast-track surgery, include interventions to maintain normal physiological function, enhance early mobilization, minimize pain, facilitate early oral nutrition, and reduce perioperative surgical stress, ultimately mediating the loss of functional capacity after surgery (Lassen et al. World J Surg. 2013;37:240–58). ERAS pathways are essential for oncology patients. ERAS addresses a unique oncologic factor: timely return to cancer therapy. For many oncology patients, return to normal function postoperatively is the primary factor of their ability to initiate adjuvant treatment options, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. Postoperative complications and extended hospital stay delay treatment and compromise long-term oncologic outcomes including overall survival and disease-specific survival. Therefore, ERAS serves a dual purpose in oncology patents, (1) making the perioperative period safer with lower morbidities and (2) rapid recovery to ensure timely initiation of adjuvant therapy. This chapter gives an overview of ERAS pathways and their implications in oncologic surgery, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach essential for optimizing perioperative outcomes and long-term cancer survival.