There have been debates within the mathematics community on how to recall and observe the mathematics done throughout history. Weil’s way of looking at the history of mathematics serves as one of two popular ways to view mathematics throughout history. He uses his current knowledge to better understand past mathematics and to connect older mathematics to its modern advancements. This chapter observes how Weil and Dickson interpreted the history of number theory and historical aspects of mathematics. We will specifically look at the differences between Weil’s and Dickson’s recount of Fermat’s and Euler’s work and the relevance of Fermat’s theorem today. A dive into Gray’s review of Weil’s interpretation creates a discussion of how the history of mathematics might be documented in order to develop stronger understanding of it. The chapter contrasts Weil’s history of number theory with that of Dickson and offers some remarks based on the different mathematical cultures these mathematicians emerged from.