Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome (GTS)

Tics are involuntary brief, repetitive, stereotyped movements and sounds, often generated in response to an uncomfortable premonitory urge. Tourette Syndrome is a neurologic disorder consisting of motor and phonic tics with onset in childhood, often with neurobehavioral comorbidities such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or attention deficit with or without hyperactivity (Lenka and Jankovic 2024). Symptoms of the disorder have been described in case reports as early as 1498 and were detailed in nine cases reported in 1885 by Georges Gilles de la Tourette (Robertson et al. 2017). Tics tend to wax and wane in intensity and frequency over time and can vary from barely perceptible to disabling and self-injurious. Among 21 population-based prevalence studies, pooled TS population prevalence was estimated to be 0.52% (95% confidence interval: 0.32–0.85). The disorder is more common in males than females at a ratio of about 4:1 (Scharf et al. 2015).