Femur Fibula Ulna Syndrome

Femur-fibula-ulna (FFU) syndrome is a congenital disorder that manifests in femur and fibula defects in addition to malformations of the ulnar side of the upper limb. FFU syndrome, classified as fetal skeletal dysplasia, is very rare and occurs sporadically (Geniets et al. 2006). Symptoms of this nonlethal syndrome may appear in newborns (Center GaRDI 2023). The incidence is 7 per 100,000 live births, and hereditary factors not to be involved in this disorder. The characteristics of FFU syndrome preclude a simple genetic explanation, including asymmetric manifestations, sporadic occurrence, no evidence of inheritance from parent to child, no pattern for age effect, no increased rate of kinship among the parents, and discordance in monozygotic twins. Besides, no environmental factor has been recognized for this disease. FFU syndrome’s symptoms are usually asymmetric, with the precedence of the right side and upper limbs, and affect mainly male fetuses (Florio et al. 1999).