Ichthyosis, Mental Retardation, Dwarfism, and Renal Impairment

Ichthyosis, mental retardation, dwarfism, and renal impairment is a rare congenital disease which was first described by Passwell in 1975 in two sisters and one brother of an Iranian family (Passwell et al. 1975). The name originates from the main clinical characteristics which are non-bullous congenital ichthyosis, mental retardation, dwarfism, and renal injury (Passwell et al. 1975). Its prevalence is less than one per one million live births and is estimated that less than 1000 individuals with this syndrome live in the United States (National Cancer Institute: Ichthyosis-intellectual disability-dwarfism-renal impairment 2023). Also, it is usually presented in newborns (National Cancer Institute: Ichthyosis-intellectual disability-dwarfism-renal impairment 2023).