Fanconi syndrome is named after Guido Fanconi, a pediatrician who described a child with glucosuria albuminuria, rickets, and dwarfism in 1931. Two years later, de Toni added hypophosphatemia to the clinical picture; soon after, they found large amounts of organic acids in the urine of an 11-year-old girl (Harrison 1958). Fanconi’s further contribution to the subject came in 1936, when he recognized the similarities between these cases, added two new patients to the list, named the disease nephrotic-glucosuric dwarfism with hypophosphatemic rickets, and suggested that the organic acids found in the urine may be amino acids. Fanconi’s findings were confirmed in 1943 by McCune et al. and in 1947 by Dent, who established that the organic acids originated in the kidneys (McCune et al. 1943).