In recent years, due to the scarcity of fresh water, researchers are giving attention in wastewater treatment for the removal of emerging contaminants especially pharmaceutical compounds. These compounds are found at trace levels. Such compounds exert significant impacts on all living components of aquatic environments and the broader ecosystem, including humans, through effects such as toxicity, the development of pathogenic bacterial resistance, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. There are several wastewater treatments available for both domestic and industrial wastewater; however, these wastewater treatments are unable to treat or separate out pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, researchers are paying attention in advanced oxidation process (AOP) using photocatalytic nanoparticle for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. This present chapter represents an in-depth review on photocatalytic decontamination of various pharmaceutical wastes as well as involvement of associated process parameters.