The non-pollutant nature of hydrogen production through water decomposition demands a continuous search for more efficient photocatalytic materials. Lead-free halide perovskites are promising candidates for this application due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The possibility of tuning the structure and composition represents a powerful tool for designing new and more efficient materials with high photoactivity toward H2 production. This chapter aims to discuss recent findings on the photocatalytic H2 production using lead-free halide perovskites with general formulas A3B2X9, A3BX6, A2BX4, and the main challenges related to their application at a massive scale. Most of the works use Bi+3 as the B-site cations, with Cs3Bi2I9 being the most widely reported perovskite material; however, some works have explored the use of Sb+3 and Sn+2 as B-site cations for H2 production in the A3B2X9 and A2BX4 configurations, respectively. Particularly, in the latter configuration, organic (hydrophobic) cations protect the inorganic cations from water, thereby enhancing the stability of the halide perovskites. Also, the addition of electrolytes avoids structure degradation since the holes are consumed by the sacrificial agent, providing more electrons for H2 evolution. Some synthetic methods (solvent-based and solvent-free) are discussed. A summary of some relevant aspects to consider in designing more efficient and stable halide perovskites for H2 production is presented, opening new avenues to scale water decomposition to generate clean, energy vectors.

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Lead-Free Halide Perovskites as Promising Photocatalysts for H2 Production: Challenges and Opportunities

  • Edith Luévano-Hipólito,
  • Maria Rocio Alfaro Cruz,
  • Leticia M. Torres-Martínez

摘要

The non-pollutant nature of hydrogen production through water decomposition demands a continuous search for more efficient photocatalytic materials. Lead-free halide perovskites are promising candidates for this application due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The possibility of tuning the structure and composition represents a powerful tool for designing new and more efficient materials with high photoactivity toward H2 production. This chapter aims to discuss recent findings on the photocatalytic H2 production using lead-free halide perovskites with general formulas A3B2X9, A3BX6, A2BX4, and the main challenges related to their application at a massive scale. Most of the works use Bi+3 as the B-site cations, with Cs3Bi2I9 being the most widely reported perovskite material; however, some works have explored the use of Sb+3 and Sn+2 as B-site cations for H2 production in the A3B2X9 and A2BX4 configurations, respectively. Particularly, in the latter configuration, organic (hydrophobic) cations protect the inorganic cations from water, thereby enhancing the stability of the halide perovskites. Also, the addition of electrolytes avoids structure degradation since the holes are consumed by the sacrificial agent, providing more electrons for H2 evolution. Some synthetic methods (solvent-based and solvent-free) are discussed. A summary of some relevant aspects to consider in designing more efficient and stable halide perovskites for H2 production is presented, opening new avenues to scale water decomposition to generate clean, energy vectors.