Organic chemical compounds that vaporize readily are known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They have both short-term and long-term health effects, with some of them known to be carcinogenic. VOCs, along with other components, further contribute to the rise in air contamination. Therefore, the eco-friendly removal of VOCs is one of the essential concerns. In this chapter, we examine the ongoing research landscape for eco-friendly VOC removal from the environment using cellulose derived from natural sources. This naturally derived cellulose is better in terms of environmental factors such as biodegradability, performance factors as it is versatile, and economical factor due to cost-effectiveness. As a result of this, it has gained interest among researchers to explore the use of natural cellulose over synthetic ones for different applications by using its unique physicochemical properties. The inclined preference for adsorption over other techniques for VOC removal is described in detail. The properties of cellulose-based adsorbents that make them suitable for VOC removal applications are explored. Furthermore, the scope for future research advancements in eco-friendly VOC removal by using natural source-derived cellulose is discussed.