Vitamin A derivatives have revolutionized dermatologic treatment. The immune modulating, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory efficacy of retinoids is mediated by two nuclear receptor families: retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. Vitamin A derivatives can be classified according to their receptor-binding profile, their assignment to different generations of retinoids, or their mode of application. Due to their teratogenic potential, safe contraception with adequate methods prior, during, and after treatment with systemic and some topical retinoids according to current national guidelines is mandatory. With appropriate and careful therapeutic management by a physician familiar with retinoid use, vitamin A derivatives can be effective treatment options for many skin conditions. Relevant retinoid-responsive diseases in occupational dermatology are acne, psoriasis, and chronic hand eczema.