Acrylic Resins
摘要
Acrylic resins are a group of plastic raw materials based on esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and other related compounds. The term “acrylates” is often used for all these acrylic compounds. Acrylates are important occupational contact allergens. Methacrylates are used in various applications, including assembly glues, dental materials, and acrylic and gel nail products, but many products, including UV-hardened printing inks, lacquers, paints, varnishes, and glues, may contain both methacrylates and acrylates. Dental composite resins, UV-curable inks and coatings, and some glues may contain epoxy acrylates. Risk occupations for acrylate contact allergy include nail beauticians, assemblers of mechanical and electronic devices, dentists, dental nurses, dental technicians, printers, painters, and workers in paint factories. Exposure to unhardened acrylates may also take place in private life, for example, via artificial nails, glucose sensors, and various materials for crafting hobbies. Patients exposed to acrylate products usually have allergic reactions to several different acrylates due to cross-reactivity or co-sensitization. Contact allergy to methacrylates is more common than allergy to acrylates. In patch testing, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) is the most important screening allergen for methacrylate allergy. However, the patch tests should include both methacrylates and acrylates. Specific allergy to epoxy acrylates is rare, and most patch test reactions to epoxy acrylates represent cross-allergy to epoxy resin. Cyanoacrylates, acrylamide, and acryloyl morpholine are examples of independent allergens that need to be specifically patch tested.