Although multiple studies have identified candidate susceptibility genes, the genetic basis of increased risk for occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) remains largely unknown. Current research primarily focuses on genes involved in skin barrier function, immune response, and allergen metabolism. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG), a major risk factor for atopic dermatitis (AD), have been associated with increased susceptibility to ICD, particularly in individuals with AD. However, evidence for FLG mutations as independent risk factors for ICD remains inconclusive. In ACD, FLG mutations exhibit allergen-specific effects influenced by the sensitization exposure route. Polymorphisms in enzyme genes, such as N-acetyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase, have been linked to susceptibility to ACD or (poly)sensitization induced by specific allergens. Variants in N-acetyltransferase genes associated with fast acetylation may increase the risk ACD caused by para-substituted aryl compounds. Similarly, deletion polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase genes have been shown to increase the risk of ACD induced by mercury compounds and chromium. The role of these polymorphisms in ACD induced by other allergens still needs to be investigated. Among immune response genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) polymorphisms have been the most studied, but associations with both ICD and ACD have been inconsistent. Evidence for other cytokine genes remains limited due to the small number of studies. To date, no conclusive genetic markers have been identified to predict OCD risk. Major limitations of existing studies include small cohort sizes, variability in disease phenotypes, insufficient exposure data, and inadequate adjustment for confounders. Future research with larger cohorts, standardized methodologies, and detailed exposure assessments is essential to clarify genetic contributions to OCD susceptibility. These findings could inform preventive strategies in occupational health and support career counseling for individuals in high-risk professions.