Gender Equity and Discrimination
摘要
This chapter examines racial disparities in healthcare outcomes and the structural racism embedded within healthcare systems. It highlights disparities in maternal mortality, chronic illness, and access to care among racial minorities (Williams DR, Lawrence JA, & Davis BA, Racism and health: evidence and needed research. Annual Review of Public Health, 40, 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750 , 2019). The chapter explores implicit bias, institutional racism, and historical mistrust as contributing factors to inequities. Nurses are identified as key agents in addressing racial injustice through culturally competent care, advocacy, and policy engagement. The chapter calls for systemic reforms, including bias training, workforce diversity, and equitable healthcare delivery.