The post-harvest phase is pivotal in maintaining the quality, nutritional integrity and commercial value of chilli peppers and products. This chapter comprehensively explores the strategies and technologies involved in post-harvest handling, including harvesting practices, sorting and grading, storage, packaging, and transportation. It begins by addressing the importance of harvesting at the correct stage of physiological maturity based on the intended use, such as fresh consumption, whole dried, dried powder, extracted capsaicin and seed propagation. Sorting and grading are then discussed with a focus on quality parameters, automation, and emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. The section on storage and packaging delves into optimal environmental conditions, innovations in modified atmosphere packaging, and the shift toward eco-friendly materials. Finally, transport logistics, particularly cold chain management and international trade challenges are examined with practical solutions. Through integration of traditional knowledge and modern interventions, this chapter provides a holistic overview of best practices to minimize post-harvest losses and ensure product longevity and market competitiveness.