Phenol-croton oil peel induces a deep and controlled chemical injury, triggering epidermal regeneration and extensive dermal remodeling. Histologically, there is initial epidermal necrosis, followed by re-epithelialization from cutaneous adnexa, formation of a new collagen-elastic band (Grenz zone), replacement of solar elastosis, and reorganization of type I and III collagen and elastic fibers. The process includes a transient increase in dermal mucin, angiogenesis, and stable structural remodeling lasting for decades, as documented by Brown (1960), Baker (1974), Stegman (1982), Kligman (1985), Hetter (2000), Kaminaka (2009), Cardoso (2021), among others. Studies in humans and animal models confirm that the addition of Croton tiglium oil enhances the depth of necrosis and the intensity of the regenerative response, being the main determinant of the procedure’s efficacy. Mechanistically, croton oil activates protein kinase C and signaling cascades (MAPK/ERK, NF-κB), stimulating TGF-β, VEGF, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and dermal fibroblasts. There is also release of NETs and epigenetic activation of sirtuins (SIRT-6, SIRT-7), which contribute to genomic repair, collagen synthesis, and long-term tissue stability. Changes in melanogenesis include reduced melanocyte density and homogeneous redistribution of melanin, underpinning the sustained bleaching effect. Thus, phenol-croton oil peel promotes profound dermal remodeling, pigment lightening, and epidermal normalization, with proven efficacy in rejuvenation, severe photoaging, and premalignant lesions, establishing itself as the gold standard for deep chemical resurfacing.