Female sexual dysfunction is one of the most commonly under-recognized areas in women’s health, affecting quality of life, relationships, and overall well-being. Many women experience sexual concerns at some point, but few seek medical help. Health care providers often avoid the topic due to time limitations, lack of training, or discomfort with the subject. In modern obstetrics and gynecology practice, sexual health forms a crucial component of holistic care. A clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying female sexual response, the diverse manifestations of dysfunction, and the range of evidence-based treatment options allows clinicians to approach patients with sensitivity, confidence, and professionalism. This chapter provides a comprehensive and clinically practical overview of female sexual dysfunction — from physiology and pathophysiology to diagnosis and management — designed for doctors, trainees, and fellows involved in women’s health care.