Current Structures, Practice, and Impact of Clinical Ethics Consultation in Healthcare
摘要
This chapter examines the current state of clinical ethics consultation, a field in the process of professionalization, characterized by considerable diversity in its structures, practices, and methods of assessing impact. I provide an overview of ethics program configurations, delineating four models of employment (Professional, Voluntary, Dedicated Time, and Hybrid) and various scales of scope (single facility, regional, and system). I highlight current efforts to standardize data in the field and the need for more research to evaluate the effectiveness of such structures. In terms of practice, I describe traditional activities such as reactive consultation, education, and policy review, along with emerging approaches such as proactive consultation, data-driven process improvement, and community outreach. I discuss the impact of clinical ethics in three key areas: promoting the dignity of patients, families, and clinicians; improving the quality of care by aligning treatment plans with patient values; and achieving measurable operational benefits, such as reducing the variance between expected and observed lengths of stay, lower readmission rates, and higher net margin. The chapter concludes that, although it lacks consolidated standards, the field is moving toward greater professionalization, the development of which is fundamental to the mission of humanizing healthcare.