Intraocular tamponade agents are substances introduced into the vitreous cavity during vitreoretinal surgery to maintain intraocular pressure and facilitate anatomical recovery. Based on their application scenario, these agents are classified as either intraoperative or postoperative tamponade agents. This chapter will also share several interesting stories about how these agents entered our operating theaters, discuss strategies for optimizing their use, and explain the rationale for preventing or managing potential complications.