As one of the most formidable frontiers in our discipline, pediatric vitreoretinal surgery tests the limits of surgical decision-making and diagnostic skill. Every case involves a unique journey through complex pathology and the quest for visual recovery, supported by the collective expertise of a multidisciplinary team. Although the younger age of these patients adds a layer of daunting responsibility, the rising proficiency of retina surgeons in our country is transforming this field. In this chapter, we delve into the core principles and specialized techniques required to treat the younger population, focusing on the diseases we encounter most frequently in clinical practice.