For novice surgeons, the perioperative management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) represents both a significant clinical challenge and a critical milestone in mastering surgical fundamentals. The primary objective of PVR surgery is the comprehensive relief of retinal traction, a goal that necessitates complex intraoperative decision-making across multiple dimensions. PVR remains an enduring challenge that vitreoretinal surgeons must navigate throughout their careers. Beginners should approach its complexity with composure, confronting its difficulties with a combination of rigorous scientific methodology and refined technical skill. This chapter provides a detailed framework for the prevention and management of this demanding condition.