Artificial intelligence has become a key tool for today’s society, allowing early diagnosis, predictive analysis, and support in clinical decision-making. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in specialized databases, from which 84 articles were identified and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 studies were selected as the final sample. The results show that AI has been applied in various diseases such as preeclampsia, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders, in addition to pointing out risks linked to ethics, privacy, and diagnostic reliability. In conclusion, AI represents a promising resource to make healthcare systems more efficient and equitable, provided that its implementation is responsible, ethical and human-centered.