Secure and Efficient AES-128 Encryption of ECG Signals on FPGA for Telemedicine Applications
摘要
Wearable medical devices for patient monitoring have experienced rapid growth, fueled by advances in telemedicine and remote data transmission technologies. Ensuring the security of sensitive information is crucial to prevent unauthorized access and potential data corruption, which could compromise patient safety and clinical decision-making. This paper presents a hardware implementation of the enhanced AES-128 encryption algorithm in VHDL on a Virtex-7 FPGA, achieving efficient utilization of hardware resources, requiring only 2450 slices. The enhanced AES-128 incorporates a novel substitution box (S-box) and a pseudo-random key generation method, which generates a unique encryption key for each process. The implementation was evaluated using an ECG signal acquired with the MAX86150 evaluation system, demonstrating effective encryption and decryption while preserving signal integrity. The results confirm that the proposed design is suitable for medical devices with limited resources, offering real-time processing, low power consumption, and robust protection of sensitive health data, thus supporting secure and reliable remote patient monitoring applications.