Climate Action Under SDG 13: Assessing the Paris Agreement’s Effect on Carbon Emissions in Developing Economies
摘要
Paris agreement has been symbolic agreement at global level for reducing emission. This chapter explores and focuses on the effects that have been brought by the Paris climate agreement on the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the developing economies. The research utilizes an unbalanced panel data set consisting of 129 countries in the developing world between the year 2000 and 2024 to investigate the question whether the post-Paris climate regime system has led to observable emission cuts using the pooled ordinary least squares and fixed effects regression model. The analysis has put into consideration the most important structural and economic factors such as energy consumption, consumption of renewable energy, economic growth, openness to trade, foreign direct investment, and urbanization. This is the finding as per the analysis of the results with the development of statistically significant cut in per-capita CO2 emissions across the developing economies. Conversely, it has been determined that energy consumption in the economy is indeed a significant contributor of the emission and adoption of renewable energy is continuously rated in terms of reduction of emission. The stability of the findings is ensured by the robustness checks that include lagged policy effects and the means to adjust the findings to the COVID-19 period. All in all, these findings indicate that whereas global climate agreements offer an essential institutional back-bone, developed economies will see no significant emission cuts in developing countries that will not be supported by domestic energy shifting and supporting policies to the global agreements.