The increasing usage of nanoparticles in agricultural and environmental applications has sparked worries about their potential consequences on plant health. It is necessary to understand the biochemical, physiological, and molecular interactions that nanomaterials have with plants to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these materials. Techniques in omics, including transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics, provide strong instruments for investigating the intricate, multifaceted reactions of plants to nanomaterials. The molecular pathways, changes in gene expression, protein alterations, and metabolic shifts brought on by exposure to nanomaterials may all be thoroughly analysed thanks to these high-throughput approaches. While proteomics and metabolomics offer insights into protein function and metabolic reprogramming under nanomaterial stress, genomic and transcriptome investigations aid in estimating gene expression changes linked to stress response, growth regulation, and defence mechanisms. Proteomics finds proteins implicated in stress tolerance, such as antioxidant enzymes, chaperones, and stress-related proteins, while genomic and transcriptome investigations identify important stress-responsive genes and signalling networks activated in response to nanomaterials. Metabolomics also emphasizes how nanomaterials might alter metabolic profiles, including the build-up of antioxidants, osmolytes, and secondary metabolites that help reduce stress. By combining these omics methods, researchers can comprehensively understand how nanomaterials affect plant biology. This information is crucial for creating safer nanomaterials, reducing any threats to plant health and ecosystems, and creating sustainable farming methods.