The aim of the research is to develop and justify didactic principles for creating modern educational and methodological literature for economic disciplines and assess its effectiveness. The research uses both qualitative and quantitative methods: analysis of literature and educational publications, expert surveys of teachers, and pedagogical experiments conducted in higher education institutions in Uzbekistan. The scientific novelty lies in integrating classical didactic principles with modern approaches (competency-based, digital, and practice-oriented) to create educational materials. An innovative economics textbook was developed, featuring interactive teaching methods, cases, and assignments to foster students’ critical thinking. The results of the experiment showed a significant improvement in academic performance and engagement in the experimental group compared to the control group: average knowledge scores and skill levels were higher, and satisfaction with the educational materials was significantly higher. Discussing the results in the context of other authors’ work confirmed the effectiveness of the implemented approaches and their alignment with global trends. The conclusions emphasize the practical significance of the research: the proposed didactic foundations and materials can be used to modernize economic education, enhance the quality of specialist training, and serve as a basis for further research in the methodology of teaching economic disciplines.