Groundwater is water that is found beneath the Earth’s surface in spaces or pores within soil or rock, known as aquifers. Groundwater quality can be affected by human activities such as land use practices, waste disposal, and chemical spills, which can contaminate the water. Therefore, it is important to manage and protect groundwater resources to ensure their sustainability for future generations. Present research work was carried out to detect the presence of Urea and Arsenic Oxide in the water samples using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. In all, 60 samples were collected from the districts of Majha region of Punjab, mainly Taran Taran, Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot. FTIR spectra, in the range of 350–8300 cm−1 with a resolution of 0.5 cm−1 was obtained using a Perkin Elmer spectroscope available at the central instrumentation facility, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. From the FTIR spectrum of Urea it is observed that there are peaks corresponding to C–N bond, C–O bond, N–H bond and C=O bond. Signature peaks for arsenic oxide are observed around 3500–4000 cm−1, having high transmittance, 2300–2400 cm−1 with nearly 80% transmittance and 770 cm−1 with only 45% transmittance and there are some high transmittance peaks in the range from 1000 to 2000 cm−1. From the FTIR plots of 60 ground water samples it was observed that there are peaks ranging from 500 to 600 cm−1 with transmittance of 80–85%, 1600–1700 cm−1 with transmittance around 70–75%, 2000–2400 cm−1 with transmittance around 95% and another peak around 3300–3500 cm−1 with transmittance around 50%. These peaks are similar to water peaks and the presence of Arsenic and urea can be ruled out. It was observed that corresponding peaks for Arsenic and urea are not present in the samples under study. FTIR spectra are useful in identification of pollutants in water.