This chapter examines the significant and pervasive problem of agricultural water pollution, emphasizing its status as a major environmental challenge with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, water quality, and human health. The global expansion and intensification of agriculture have led to pollution from farming practices, particularly non-point source pollution, which has become a significant contributor to water contamination. This chapter examines the essential processes through which agriculture influences water systems, emphasizing the runoff of fertilizers, pesticides, and sediment, all of which contribute to the degradation of both surface and groundwater. Pollutants make their way into waterways via precipitation, irrigation practices, and soil erosion, frequently leading to issues such as eutrophication, algal blooms, and the contamination of drinking water sources. In high-income nations, agricultural pollution has overtaken industrial sources as the primary factor leading to the deterioration of water quality. The consequences are extensive: nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers promote excessive plant and algae proliferation, pesticides release harmful substances into ecosystems, and sediment runoff interferes with aquatic environments. The implications of these effects pose significant risks to biodiversity, diminish water quality, and jeopardize food security, particularly in areas where communities depend on local water sources for drinking and irrigation. Reversing and managing agricultural water pollution requires a number of sustainable management techniques. The chapter outlines strategies such as precision agriculture, which focuses on optimizing resource use to minimize excess runoff; the development of buffer zones near water bodies, intended to filter pollutants before they reach waterways; and enhanced irrigation techniques, aimed at reducing water usage and mitigating runoff. Adopting these practices is crucial for reducing pollution, preserving water resources, and promoting a sustainable agricultural framework that ensures food security and environmental well-being.