This chapter presents an African-centered sociology of education [i.e., the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school (formal setting), in addition to informal spaces] by examining the relationship between schooling processes, practices, and outcomes and the broader organization of society. We trace how the sociology of education has developed within African contexts, interpreting key developments from colonial to postcolonial times grounded in social, historical, and cultural realities. The chapter introduces readers to the ideas and writings of African philosophers and intellectuals such as Julius Nyerere, Chinua Achebe, Achille Mbembe, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wole Soyinka, and others who critically recast African social and educational sciences by challenging and redressing the distortions produced by colonial and neocolonial knowledge systems. Before doing all this, we first present a contextualization of the concept of education to serve as a backdrop for what ensues.