Cervical cancer is the fourth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Nearly all cervical cancers (99.7%) are associated with persistent infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to cellular lesions that, if not properly diagnosed and treated, may progress to cervical neoplasia. HPV expresses the oncoproteins E6 and E7, which induce degradation of the tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) family proteins, thereby promoting genomic instability and cellular transformation. These HPV-associated molecular alterations represent specific targets for the development of precision therapies. miRNA/siRNA-based strategies can silence the expression of deregulated viral or host genes; lncRNA modulate signaling networks disrupted by infection; and CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing approaches enable the inactivation of integrated viral sequences or the correction of induced mutations, often facilitated by gene transfection reagents. This chapter highlights current research on targeted therapies for cervical cancer. In the future, these strategies may contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, potentially leading to improved patient prognosis.