A significant issue that impacts soils and agriculture worldwide is salinity. Plant development and growth are severely hampered by the disruption of numerous fundamental metabolic processes caused by the presence of salt in plant cells. This review focuses on how salinity affects chloroplasts, including their shapes and functions. Many vital biochemical processes, such as photosynthesis, are housed in chloroplasts and are thought to be necessary for plant survival. Numerous factors, such as changes in chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and disruption of cross-membrane transport, can be influenced by salinity. According to research, the longevity of the entire plant depends on the chloroplasts’ physiology remaining normal. Numerous plant species have developed various defenses against the damaging effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and related machinery. Salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants can differ significantly depending on the species and stage of growth. The ability of plants to withstand salt stress is a complicated feature, with many parts yet unclear. In this study, we address the various ways that plants can withstand salt stress, paying particular attention to the structure and functions of chloroplasts, as well as the fundamental distinctions between halophytes and glycophytes.